Pyramids of Giza: History, Facts, and Visitor Guide

The Pyramids of Giza are Egypt’s most iconic monuments and one of the world’s greatest wonders. Standing on the edge of Cairo’s desert, these ancient structures have inspired awe for over 4,500 years. Whether you’re a history lover, a curious traveler, or just want to see something unforgettable, this guide will help you understand the history, facts, and practical tips for visiting the Pyramids of Giza.

A Brief History of the Pyramids of Giza

The Pyramids of Giza were built during Egypt’s Old Kingdom, in the Fourth Dynasty, between about 2600 and 2500 BC. They served as royal tombs for three pharaohs: Khufu (also known as Cheops), Khafre, and Menkaure.

The site was chosen on the west bank of the Nile, a place associated with the setting sun and the afterlife.

The Three Main Pyramids

• The Great Pyramid of Khufu: The largest and oldest, built around 2550 BC. It originally stood at about 481 feet (147 meters) and is made from roughly 2.3 million stone blocks. It is the only surviving Wonder of the Ancient World.
• The Pyramid of Khafre: Built for Khufu’s son, it appears taller because it sits on higher ground and still has some casing stones at the top. It is also famous for its connection to the Great Sphinx.
• The Pyramid of Menkaure: The smallest of the three, built for Khufu’s grandson. Despite its size, it is still an impressive structure.

These pyramids, along with smaller satellite pyramids and tombs, make up the Giza pyramid complex.

Join our Cairo Historical Tour to explore the Pyramids of Giza and many more ancient wonders. Book your unforgettable adventure today.

Who Built the Pyramids of Giza?

For many years, it was believed that enslaved people built the pyramids. However, modern archaeology shows that the builders were skilled laborers and craftsmen who worked in organized teams.

Many were paid workers, and some even lived in nearby villages with their families. Their burial sites, found close to the pyramids, show they were respected members of society.

How Were the Pyramids Built?

The exact methods remain a mystery, but most experts agree that ramps, levers, and a massive workforce were used to move and position the huge stones. The core was made from local limestone, while the outer casing (now mostly gone) was made from high-quality limestone from Tura, across the Nile.

The precision in the alignment and construction is still admired today; the sides are almost perfectly oriented to the four cardinal points.

Inside the Pyramids

The Great Pyramid of Khufu has three main chambers: the King’s Chamber, the Queen’s Chamber, and an unfinished underground chamber. The King’s Chamber is lined with granite and contains a large sarcophagus.

Above it are five compartments designed to protect the chamber from the immense weight above. There are also mysterious features, such as narrow shafts whose purpose is still debated, possibly for ventilation or religious reasons.

In 2017, scientists discovered a large hidden void above the Grand Gallery, adding to the pyramid’s mysteries.

Fun Facts About the Pyramids of Giza

• The Great Pyramid was the tallest human-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years.
• Each stone block weighs between 2.5 and 15 tons.
• The pyramids were originally covered with smooth, white casing stones that reflected the sun’s light, making them shine brightly.
• The pyramids are so precisely built that their sides are aligned almost perfectly with the compass points.
• The Great Pyramid’s mass is about 5.75 million tons.

What to See and Do

• Explore all three main pyramids: Walk around their massive bases and marvel at their scale.
• Go inside a pyramid: For an extra fee, you can enter the Great Pyramid, Khafre, or Menkaure. Note: the passages are narrow and can be stuffy, so consider your comfort.
• Visit the Great Sphinx: The mysterious statue with a lion’s body and a pharaoh’s head stands guard near the pyramids.
• Panoramic Point: For the best views and photos of all the pyramids together, head to Panoramic Point.
• Sound and Light Show: In the evening, enjoy the famous show that tells the story of ancient Egypt with lights, music, and narration.
• Camel or Horse Ride: Experience the desert scenery on a guided ride (choose reputable operators for animal welfare).

Tips for Visitors

• Arrive early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid crowds and the midday heat.
• Wear comfortable shoes, a hat, and sunscreen.
• Bring water, there is little shade on the plateau.
• Be prepared for walking; the site is large, and distances between points of interest can be long.
• Ignore aggressive vendors and be firm if you’re not interested in their services.
• Photography is allowed outside and inside the pyramids (with a phone), but cameras may not be permitted inside.
• If you’re claustrophobic, think twice before entering the pyramids; the passages are narrow and can be crowded.

Why Visit the Pyramids of Giza?

The Pyramids of Giza are more than just ancient tombs; they are a symbol of Egypt’s rich history, engineering genius, and spiritual beliefs.

Visiting the pyramids is a chance to step back in time and stand before the last surviving Wonder of the Ancient World. Whether you’re exploring the chambers, gazing at the Sphinx, or watching the sunset over the desert, the experience is truly unforgettable.

Read More